DETROIT — Sticking with the Detroit Tigers was an easy decision for Jeremy Bonderman. Painter, a lean 6-foot-7 righty whom the Phillies selected out of high school with the No. So much so that the 28-year-old appears willing to sit on the sidelines for the entire 2011 season, ESPN. Check out the latest Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More of Dave Mlicki. Wikipedia. Grades from other companies could be worth much less. 0. Bonderman gave it another try in 2010 and, though there were some flashes of the Bonderman from 2003-07, it was painfully obvious that his days as a regular starter were likely over—emphasis on. David Bonderman (born November 27, 1942) is an American billionaire businessman. He was born in PaneveZys, Lithuania on October 27, 1982. Way back in 2001, the Oakland Athletics would go on and select starting pitcher Jeremy Bonderman twenty-sixth overall in the first round of the draft. It's a lofty statement to put on the shoulders of a 20-year-old in his rookie season as the Tigers. Life is more important than 'what film I do next. One of the world’s most-successful private equity financiers is looking for rich co-investors. 2006 American League Champion #13. Warren Buffett Net Worth: $67 B Source of wealth: Berkshire Hathaway 3. You never know what your next dig is going to find. Let’s check, How Rich is David Bonderman in 2019-2020? According to Wikipedia, Forbes, IMDb & Various Online resources, famous Celebrity David Bonderman’s net worth is $1-5. In 27 starts in Modesto and Lakeland, Bonderman threw 156. 2 Million. Keep track of your collection value over time. Net Worth: $3. 955 likes. David Bonderman. 4 billion. David Bonderman is a co-owner of the Seattle Kraken, and his net worth is estimated to be around $6. Keep track of your collection value over time. Selected by Oakland Athletics in the 1st round (26th pick overall) of the free-agent draft (June 5, 2001 - signed August 22, 2001). 691: Sid Bass. 6 billion. Check out the latest news below for more on his current fantasy value. Mar 3, 2022 - In the history of American baseball, the first professional, as a high school junior who was drafted with a first-round pick, was Jeremy Bonderman. Net Worth: $3. There’s no limit to how high you can go in life. 6 billion according to Forbes. Retired professional wrestler and author AJ Lee signed with the WWE in 2009 and had a successful career in the sport spanning nearly a decade. After back-to-back injury-plagued seasons, Bonderman was able to put together a relatively injury-free campaign in 2010. As of November 2023, Jeremy Clarkson’s net worth is estimated to be $70 million. The Van Dyne family fortune still gave her a leg-up that most. 11. 50 INTERNATIONAL). Jeremy Bonderman. Jeremy Meeks’ net worth is estimated to be $5 Million. Drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 1st round (14th pick) of the 2003 amateur draft. 1 innings, allowed 98 hits, had 51 earned runs, 54 runs, and 9 home runs, walked 30 batters (1 intentionally), threw 0 wild pitches, hit batters 2 times, and balked 0 times? On the road,. He wishes, of course, he had done all this years ago, when he seemingly had greatness in his destiny. 5 million. Team: Uniform Numbers: Salary: All-Star: World Series: 2006 Detroit Tigers: 38: $2,300,000. 7. Beckett. Uber. com reports. Â The Tigers signed a back loaded four year deal with Jeremy Bonderman that will pay him $4. His net worth is believed to be around $500 million and most of it comes from the Amazon shares that he owns. 1989-90 Topps Major League Debut 1989 - Box Set [Base] #105The Seattle Mariners recalled Bonderman from Triple-A Tacoma this year after he recorded a 4. AP File Photo Jeremy Bonderman has gone 1-1 with a 6. Though he is not in the field of baseball, he is in […] Jeremy Bonderman Minor Leagues Statistics including batting, fielding, prospect rankings and more on Baseball-Reference. C2 THE GAZETTE, MONTREAL, FRIDAY, JULY 16, 2004 NATIONAL LEAGUE Hickey Stadiums can't help Jays, Expos CONTINUED FROM CI EAST Pet GB HQ Stk Home Away Philadelphia 46 41 . Want to more about Him? In this article, we covered Gediminas Paulauskas's net worth, wiki, bio, career, height, weight, pics, family, affairs, car, salary, age, facts, and other details in 2023. 78. . Welcome to The 400, Fort Worth Inc. ” ~ Joel Osteen. 026 Overview Stats Full name Jeremy Allen Bonderman; Born 10/28/1982 in. Beyond his co-founding of TPG, Bonderman has numerous other pursuits. Renner has also lent his voice to animated films, including Arctic Dogs, where he played the part of an arctic fox. Jeremy Bonderman, American baseball player, All information about Jeremy Bonderman: Age, birthday, biography, facts, family, income, net worth, weight, height & moreConoce el perfil de Jeremy Bonderman, Relevista de Detroit Tigers en ESPN DEPORTES. In a career that has brought him a net worth of over $6 billion, Bonderman’s accomplishments are many. Gediminas Paulauskas is a well-known, popular Association Football Player. 1)Â Because the Tigers were so bad in 2003, Jeremy Bonderman was rushed up to fill a hole in the rotation. 73B . 1 billion:. Ian Thorpe. David Bonderman estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & many more details have been updated below. Here are the 27 billionaires from Dallas-Fort Worth that Forbes highlighted in its report, along with their estimated net worth:. Get info about his position, age, height, weight, draft status, bats, throws, school and more on Baseball-reference. 2 billionNet worth. Growing up, Foley mostly lived in Texas with his family and extended family, who were ranchers. 1 billion, with Canva’s married cofounders Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht the richest among them with a collective estimated net. 5 billion (#375 wealthiest in the world) - Residence: Fort Worth - Source of wealth: private equity, self made #17. January 23, 2022. DAVID BONDERMAN Net worth: $3. 69M . PWCC. 91 K 961 WHIP 1. David Bonderman. 5 Billion. Of course, being on TV. Though he is not in the field of baseball, he is in […]As of November 2023, Jeremy Clarkson’s net worth is estimated to be $70 million. In all honesty, 2011. Jeremy Bonderman was the first Detroit Tigers player in 35 years to make the jump from A ball to the majors when he made his Major League debut in 2003. (tie)David Bonderman — Seattle NHL Team. ’s inception. Â This is simply a huge signing and it’s one more indication that the Tigers, under Dave Dombrowski, are headed in the right direction. 44 billion payout would boost their fortunes further. Player signed June 27, 1999. Though he is not in the field of baseball, he is in […]As of November 2023, Jeremy Clarkson’s net worth is estimated to be $70 million. Mr. $18,132,970. 4 billion . Rank: 637 (tie) Net worth: $4. He knows. Compare vs Other Items. You might be interested to know more about Jeremy Bonderman. Total revenues. 9900 million. 4 billion. 1 billion, with Canva’s married cofounders Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht the richest among them with a collective estimated net. 6-0 , 210lb (183cm, 95kg) Born: October 28, 1982 in Kennewick, WA us. If the liabilities are greater than assets, it implies a negative net worth. It was noteworthy, but many pitchers with command of complete arsenals (four pitches led by 70-grade upper-90s. 888-789-7777/visit ccpg. Â He was good, but the next season he was in the Tigers rotation. His lower average seems to largely be a function of BABIP—he actually hit the ball harder than in 2016—but the power drop-off is harder to explain away. org (CT), or visit (WV). securities. It's a tough pill to swallow considering he is only 27 and should be in the prime of his career still. Bonderman earned his fortune as the founder of TPG Capital and its Asian affiliate Newbridge Capital, but he is. September 3, 2013:Jeremy Bonderman would reach the show two years after being drafted, much earlier than most pitchers, and would soon become one of the team's best starters. Bonderman was eventually traded to the Detroit Tigers, where he became one of the youngest pitchers to start in the majors. Reportedly, the Knowles-Carter family had a combined net worth of more than $6. org (CT), or visit (WV). 08 ERA over 214. “There are no secrets at our house. Statistics Related Mariners Views » Current Player Contracts » 2024 Payroll Table » Multi-Year Salaries » Positional Spending » 2025 Free AgentsInvalid date The scene around Jeremy Bonderman sounds like somebody warding off a midlife crisis. 9. Bonderman is 38 years old and has a net worth of approximately $20 million. Name Ron Jeremy Net Worth( 2023) $9 Million Dollars Monthly Income And Salary $60,000 + Yearly Income And Salary $0. We realize the most organic search traffic of all known yachting websites. Buy from many sellers and get your cards all in one shipment! Rookie cards, autographs and more. Net Worth: $10 Billion. 7 billion,. Fort Worth#13. #20. 29. Net worth: $28. K. The firm itself was able to grow stronger and built a $55 billion private equity shares. Way back in 2001, the Oakland Athletics would go on and select starting pitcher Jeremy Bonderman twenty-sixth overall in the first round of the draft. 6 billion. Net Worth: $2. Advance to. Celebrity Net Worth names some of his most notable acting pay cheques:. Jeremy Guthrie’s Net Worth and Salary in 2023. David Bonderman was born to Jewish parents in Los Angeles and studied mainly in Washington University and the Harvard School of Law. More bio, uniform, draft, salary info. The victory was also the first decision of any kind for Bonderman. Thomas Friedman. 5 million in the final season of a four-year deal worth $38 million. Any. Real Time Net Worth. In addition to being known for his fielding. With a keen eye for investment opportunities, Bonderman has made numerous successful transactions, including a notable sale order of 173,262. Player page for Jeremy Bonderman [2002-2013] with MLB, Minor, College and summer league baseball stats along with biography, draft info, salary,transactions,awards and more!David Bonderman (born November 27, 1942). The four Bass brothers, Sid, Edward, Robert and Lee, each inherited $2. 5. Mar 3, 2022 - In the history of American baseball, the first professional, as a high school junior who was drafted with a first-round pick, was Jeremy Bonderman. He had surgery to repair thoracic outlet compression syndrome on June 30 and was in. Bonderman earned his fortune as the founder of TPG Capital and its Asian affiliate Newbridge Capital, but he is probably best-known for being a minority owner of the NBA’s Boston Celtics and the co-majority owner (with producer Jerry Bruckheimer). A. 7 billion. ジェレミー・ボンダーマン. 99: Report It: 2022-01-02: 2001 Upper Deck Prospect Premieres Jeremy Bonderman #11 [eBay] $0. Oct 16, 2006. 7 billion Age: 71 Primary residence: Fort Worth, Texas Forbes 400 ranking: 209 Forbes. In 2008, he signed a $150-million, 10-year Live Nation deal, and the “Watch the Throne” tour raked in some $1. Louis Cardinals ( 2007) Michael Warren Maroth (born August 17, 1977) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) starting pitcher and current pitching coach for the UCF Knights. 7 innings, giving up 140 hits, 66 earned runs, 18 homers, 59 walks, and 170. Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson is an English journalist, broadcaster, and writer from Doncaster. a. Early life and education Bonderman. net Issues & Events . comBiden’s billionaire backers, ordered by net worth: JIM SIMONS Net worth: $21. Â It does have him at 16-6 with a 1. #468 in the world today. Meeting. Signed by the Arizona Diamondbacks as an amateur free agent in 1998. David Bonderman Net Worth.   He debuted …2007 ARTIFACTS #AA-BA JEREMY BONDERMAN (TIGERS) ANTIQUITY 2 COLOR PATCH CARD. Jeremy Bonderman Every game played with complete stats, links to box scores and automated row summing for 2009The Seattle Mariners signed Jeremy Bonderman to a minor league contract and the pitcher considers it his last shot at pitching in the major leagues. Playing in the field of the MLB as a pitcher, he showed his excellence in skill and gained fame. #13. Bruckheimer was also an active member of the Stamp Collecting Club. com’s Jerry CrasnickHere is the full list of the 400 richest Americans for 2014. Mr. Yes. 5. Jeremy Bonderman estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & many more details have been updated below. Price Paid. Ok. More than 63 percent of the $47 million in the database of nearly 3,000 contributions comes from just 108 donations split among these 40 owners — and 79 percent of that money went to Republican. and it keeps getting better year after year. Though he is not in the field of baseball, he is in […]And though Bonderman will continue in both those roles, Holloway, 41, is stepping up to a more “hands-on” position within the expansion team, replacing her father as the chair of its executive. Â I don’t know what’s more. Controversy In June 2017, Bonderman was forced to step down from the board of ‘Uber’ due to a sexist remark, which he had made as a response to his colleague Arianna Stasinopoulou Huffington. Statistics. The Official Site of Major League BaseballThe Bonderman Family Foundation: Employer Identification Number (EIN) 521862453:. CARD HAVE SERIAL NUMBER 02/50. Remember, in China when you are one in a million, there are 1,300 other people just like you. But we demand it. Family Net Worth: $17. On June 5, 2001, Bondo, his nickname, became the first high school junior ever drafted in the first round (the twenty-sixth pick overall)! Jeremy Bonderman, better known by her family name Jeremy Allen Bonderman, is a popular American Athlete. . Forbes pegs Bonderman's and Coulter's net worth at $4. Jeremy Bonderman is a famous American baseball player. At. No sales data for this card and grade. I'm here to say that I'm not on board with the idea. In One Click; With Details + Collection + Wishlist ; Buy/Sell; Item Details; Show Historic Prices; Add this item to your collection. #1 Name: David Koch Net worth: $41. The MLBTR team sends its condolences to the friends and family of. Net Worth: $2. Last year's Forbes 400 net worth: $3. 29. Championships. 6b. He served as Advisor at Russian Direct Investment Fund. 5 billion Jeremy Bonderman Net Worth, Income, Salary, Earnings, Biography, How much money make? September 21, 2021 by NCERT Point Team Jeremy Allen Bonderman (born October 28, 1982) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is now available for signing with a team of his choice. Â This is simply a huge signing and it’s one more indication that the Tigers, under Dave Dombrowski, are headed in the right direction. 7 billion Source of wealth: Private equityJeremy Bonderman is working his way back to Detroit. He is making progress toward becoming a major league pitcher again. Forbes also lists a. Located in Fort Worth, TX. 93. He earned most of his wealth from his baseball career. Jeremy Bonderman Height, Weight & Measurements Jeremy Allen Bonderman (born October 28, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Record: 93-69-0, Finished 1st in AL_Central ( Schedule and Results ) Postseason: Lost AL Championship Series (4-2) to Boston Red Sox. January 23, 2022. As of November 2023, Jeremy Clarkson’s net worth is estimated to be $70 million. Samantha Holloway has “quietly joined” her father David Bonderman as the co-owner of the Kraken, and will "assume the team’s seat" at the NHL BOG meetings this week in Florida, according to Geoff. 29. As of May 2023, he has an estimated net worth of US$6. Tuesday, Nov. Draft: Drafted by the Oakland Athletics in. 5 billionJeremy Bonderman Net Worth : $ 1. He became a millionaire on the fortune of a stunning career in the field of baseball. Jeremy Bonderman, who last pitched in the big leagues in 2010, had reconstructive elbow surgery on Tuesday, with the intent of working his way back to the big leagues in 2013. The card went straight into a plastic sleeve and will ship in a bubble maiBe the best Jeremy Bonderman fan you can be with Bleacher Report. 0. This fund's leading holding is Coca-Cola, making up 9% of its net assets. No. The net worth of this. Baseball Jeff Francoeur Net Worth and Current Fox Sports Salary. Tickets to the Business Hall of Fame event are $300 per person. David Bonderman - Net worth: $6. In 2005, he suffered through a bout of elbow soreness, but he came back strong in 2006. Bonderman had been out of commission about one full year—June 1, 2008 to June 8, 2009 between starts—when he took the mound in Chicago. 8 Billion . He went on to have a stellar few years with the Tigers, helping Detroit make a run to the 2006 World Series. 8 billion, is the founding partner of San Francisco-based TPG Capital, a private equity giant that managed $80 billion in assets, according to Forbes. So do the words coming from him. They had feared that the new system, which is paid for with state money, would not be. Age 74. Today, the company holds $84 billion. October 3, 2013: Detroit Tigers reassigned RHP Jeremy Bonderman to the minor leagues. 7 billion Forbes writes: "David Bonderman is chairman and founding partner of private equity giant TPG, which managed about $80 billion in assets. D. Shop COMC's extensive selection of jeremy bonderman baseball cards from 2003. Over the last years, Jay Z transitioned from being a rapper to a well-respected business mogul. 8 last year and Pitch Type Values showed it as a double-digit negative offering. In December of 2006, Jeremy Bonderman was 24 years old, coming off the finest season of his career. The right-hander first appeared in the big leagues as a 20 year old. 247 (tie): David Bonderman (Fort Worth: private equity)—net worth of $4. Dannine Avara, left, of Houston is among the top 10 richest Houstonians on the 2020 Forbes 400 list of richest Americans with an estimated net worth of $4. 91 ERA, 961 SO, P, Tigers/Mariners 2003-2013, t:R, born in WA 1982Explore Jeremy Bonderman net worth, bio, age, height, family, wiki, birthday, career, salary [Last Update 2021]! Famous Baseball Pitcher Jeremy Bonderman was born on October 28, 1982 in Kennewick. Jeremy Renner's net worth is estimated at a whopping $80 million. Source of wealth: diversified. He’s got the highest ranking in the city with an estimated net worth of 7. Children. Forbes pegs Bonderman's and Coulter's net worth at $4. As of November 2023, Jeremy Clarkson’s net worth is estimated to be $70 million. LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. Jeremy Bonderman #/2,006. With an estimated net worth of $56. The family office of private equity legend David Bonderman is looking to raise money from other members of the world’s ultra-wealthy as it seeks to expand. 212: Robert Bass (Fort Worth: oil, investments)—net worth of $5 billion No. Jeremy Allen Bonderman was a Major League Baseball player who pitched for the Detroit Tigers ( 2003 - 2010 ), Seattle Mariners ( 2013 ), and Detroit Tigers ( 2013 ). 44 billion payout would boost their fortunes further. com. “Like its Texan cousins Houston and Austin,. 69. He took the first step in the field of professional baseball in 2003 and got out of there in 2013. 6 billion. 2 from. They go, ‘Eww, gross!’. 1. Bonderman, who has a net worth of $6. Blackstone’s Stephen Schwarzman, for instance, is worth $36. Name: Jeremy A Bonderman, Phone number: (541) 566-0395, State: WA, City: Pasco, Zip Code: 99301 and more informationCOMSTOCK PARK -- Jeremy Bonderman was considered the Detroit Tigers' franchise pitcher in 2003. He is married to Dr. He is best known as the chairman of TPG Capital, which is a private equity fund with more than $120 billion worth of assets. The current estimated net worth of Cushman & Wakefield Plc's David Bonderman is estimated to be about $0 . 961. PWCC. 3 billion) is co-managing partner of The Rise Fund, the $5 billion impact investing arm of his and fellow billionaire David Bonderman’s private equity giant, TPG. What is David Bonderman’s educational background? David Bonderman earned his Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1963. Creator of the. David Bonderman owns about 16,361,109 units of Prosight Global, Inc common stock. $14. He won't turn 28 until late in the. as of 11/22/23. Source of wealth: Microsoft. Though he is not in the field of baseball, he is in […]Shop COMC's extensive selection of 2004 topps chrome - [base] jeremy bonderman baseball cards. $3. David Bonderman was named as the 170 th wealthiest American in the 2012 Forbes 400 List. 25 ERA over 6 seasons as a reliever. 4 million worth of stock, or 10% of a company's shares for a year. 2006 American League ChampionContents Jeremy Bonderman net worth 1. Bonderman was limited to 12 starts in 2008 after a blood clot was discovered in a vein near his right armpit. Austin was the standout at #8 in the world and #1 in the U. Creator of the Star Wars franchise, George Lucas is the richest director in the world, with a staggering net worth of $10 billion. Larry Ellison. com. Jeremy Bonderman. The Wildcat Foundation / David Bonderman Ttee is a private foundation that primarily funds 1,985 shares of costar group, inc. Bonderman attended Pasco High School in Pasco, Washington. Source of wealth: Ford Financial Fund Industry: Finance & Investments Net worth: $2. It’s worth nothing that, beginning in the 2002 off-season, individual health insurance policies were limited to 2 to 3 year increments, as opposed to the entire length of the contract. 13 WHIP, that we’ll see closer to 20 wins with the lineup that the Tigers will be bringing in 2007. 7 billion. 8, 2010. Alice Walton, Jerry Jones, Andrew Beal, Ken Fisher and David Bonderman are the richest of the metroplex’s billionaires. Jeremy Bonderman Detroit Tigers Pitch Repertoire At-A-Glance Although they have not thrown an MLB pitch in 2023, Jeremy Bonderman threw 5,925 pitches that were tracked by the PITCHf/x system between 2007 and 2013, including pitches thrown in the MLB Regular Season and Spring Training. David Bonderman is an American entrepreneur who is part of a team that is bringing the NHL. Net worth: $4. Two years before Bonderman went to the mound he was a junior at Pasco (Wash. The 2013 MLB pitching season stats per game for Jeremy Bonderman of the Detroit Tigers on ESPN. David Bonderman owns over 50,000 units of General Motors stock worth over $65,548,046 and over the last 20 years David sold GM stock worth over $57,948,615. 53: 2005 Donruss Press Proofs Blue #186 Jeremy Bonderman: $1. Today, the company holds $84 billion in assets. Bonderman Returns Home to the Tri-Cities. Win a $10 Gift Certificate! How? Test an Address and Post your Feedback!Dec 2, 2022 – 11. S. David Bonderman owns about 196,980,050 units of. Jeremy Bonderman’s Net Worth From MLB as of 2023. David Bonderman. Bill Gates Net Worth: $81 B Source of wealth: Microsoft 2. That’s a significant increase from 2018 when his fortune was estimated at $2. Jim Coulter is co-CEO and founding partner of private equity giant TPG, which managed over $135 billion in assets as of January 2023. David Bonderman owns about 0 unit of Assurant Inc common stock. 7 Million + Profession American Filmmaker, Stand-Up Comedian Date of Birth March 12, 1953Jeremy Bonderman [Gold] #57 2007 Topps Opening Day Buy Sports Cards. 35: 2005 Donruss Stat Line Career #186 Jeremy Bonderman: $1. Jeremy Bonderman has not had an easy time of it the past few years. 29 FIP in 214 innings) and this led to a four-year extension that he signed in December 2006 worth $38 million that covered his last two arbitration years. All cards are near mint condition or better. Mar 3, 2022 - In the history of American baseball, the first professional, as a high school junior who was drafted with a first-round pick, was Jeremy Bonderman. K. 12 billion. estimated net worth of David Bonderman is at least dollars as of 2023-05-01. David Bonderman has been a member of our board of directors since TPG Inc. 8. 10/28/1982 BAT/THR Right/Right Birthplace Kennewick, WA Career Stats SV 0 ERA 4. net. All. The fruit of the Jeff Weaver trade to the Yankees in 2002, Jeremy Bonderman actually came as the player to be named later from Oakland to Detroit in the three team trade that summer. 91 K 961 WHIP 1. Jeremy Bonderman Networth 2022. Â After being picked in the first round of the 2001 draft, Bonderman played the 2002 season in Modesto and Lakeland, the Athletics and Tigers High-A affiliates. 5 million in 2009 and 2010. com AP File Photo Jeremy Bonderman is in the final year of his four-year, $38 million contract. Bonderman is six feet and two inches tall and weighs 220 pounds. My roots are holding the mic. Mar 3, 2022 - In the history of American baseball, the first professional, as a high school junior who was drafted with a first-round pick, was Jeremy Bonderman. Clarkson appears in 30th place on this list of the richest racing car drivers. 29. The A's gave-up Franklyn Germán who no longer pitches in the bigs. He is a member of famous Player with the age 41 years old group. He also serves as Board Member at STX Entertainment. Jeremy's net worth hovers over $100,000 - $249,999 with a yearly income that's about $80 - 89,999. This article will meet their demand by narrating the biography, including his family, childhood, schooling, college career, and. 3 billion. The current estimated net worth of Prosight Global, Inc's David Bonderman is estimated to be about $41. Fan mail address: Jeremy Bonderman 10 Ridgeview Dr Pasco, WA 99301-8808 USA: Address information: (Home Address) 10 Ridgeview Dr Pasco, WA 99301-8808View the biography of Detroit Tigers Relief Pitcher Jeremy Bonderman on ESPN. Jeremy Bonderman. Check out the latest Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More of Jeremy Bonderman. High 68F. 8. 5 billion by Forbes Billion LIst. January 23, 2022. 右投右打。. ’.